How to Use Dual Prepositions in German

Most German prepositions are always  followed by the same case, but dual prepositions (also called two-way or doubtful prepositions) are prepositions that can take either the accusative or dative case. What Are the Dual Prepositions in German? There are nine of these dual  prepositions: anaufhinternebeninà ¼beruntervorzwischen How to Decide Whether A Dual Preposition Is Dative or Accusative? When a dual preposition answers the question where to? (wohin?) or what about? (worà ¼ber?), it takes the accusative case. When answering the question where (wo?), it takes the dative case.   In other words, the accusative prepositions typically refer to an action or movement to another place, whereas the dative prepositions refer to something that is not changing location.   Think about the English phrases he jumps into the water versus he is swimming in the water. The first answers a where to question: Where is he jumping? Into the water. Or in German, in das Wasser  or  ins Wasser. He is changing location by moving from the land into the water. The second phrase represents a where situation. Where is ​he swimming? In the water. In German, in dem Wasser  or  im Wasser. He is swimming inside the body of water and not moving in and out of that one location.   To express the two different situations, English uses two different prepositions:  in  or  into. To express the same idea, German uses one preposition —  in  Ã¢â‚¬â€ followed by either the accusative case (motion) or the dative (location). More About Using the Accusative Case If you want to convey a direction or destination in a sentence, youll need to use the accusative. These sentences will always answer the question where  to/wohin? For example: Die Katze springt auf den Stuhl. |  The cat jumps on(to) the chair.Wohin springt die Katze? Auf den Stuhl. | Where is the cat jumping? On(to) the chair. The accusative case is also used when you can ask what about/worà ¼ber? For example: Sie diskutieren à ¼ber den Film. |  They are discussing  the film.Worà ¼ber diskutieren sie? ÃÅ"ber den Film. | What are they talking about? About the film. More About Using the Dative Case The dative case is used to indicate a stable position or situation. It answers the question where/wo?  For example: Die Katze sitzt auf dem Stuhl. (The cat sits on the chair.) The dative is also used when there is no particular direction or goal intended.  For example: Sie ist die ganze Zeit in der Stadt herumgefahren.|  (She drove around town all day.) Remember that the above rules apply only to dual prepositions. Dative-only prepositions will always remain dative, even if the sentence indicates motion or direction.  Likewise, accusative-only prepositions will always remain accusative, even if no motion is described in the sentence.   Clever Ways to Remember  German Prepositions Arrow verses Blob Some find it easier to remember the accusative-versus-dative rule by thinking of the accusative  letter  A  on its side, representing an arrow ( ) for motion in a specific direction, and the dative letter D  on its side to represent a blob at rest. Of course, how you remember the difference matters little, as long as you have a clear understanding of when a two-way preposition uses the dative or accusative.   Rhyme Time --  Use the following rhyme to help  memorize dual-prepositions): An, auf, hinter, neben, in, à ¼ber, unter, vor und zwischenstehen mit dem vierten Fall, wenn man fragen kann â€Å"wohin,†mit dem dritten steh’n sie so,daß man nur fragen kann â€Å"wo.† Translated: At, on, behind, near, in, over, under, before and between Go with the fourth case, when one asks where to The third case is different: With that, you can only ask where. Dual Prepositions and Sample Sentences The following chart lists an example of the dative and accusative cases for several dual prepositions. Preposition Definition Dative Example Accusative Example an at, by, on Der Lehrer steht an der Tafel.The teacher is standing at the blackboard. Der Student schreibt es an die Tafel. The student writes it on the board. auf on, onto Sie sitzt auf dem Stuhl.She is sitting on the chair. Er legt das Papier auf den Tisch.He is putting the paper on the table. hinter behind Das Kind steht hinter dem Baum.The child is standing behind the tree. Die Maus là ¤uft hinter die Tà ¼r.The mouse runs behind the door. neben beside, near, next to Ich stehe neben der Wand. I stand next to the wall. Ich setzte mich neben ihn. I sat down next to him. in in, into, to Die Socken sind in der Schublade.The socks are in the drawer. Der Junge geht in die Schule.The boy goes to school. à ¼ber over (above), about, across Das Bild hà ¤ngt à ¼ber dem Schreibtisch.The picture hangs over the desk. Ãâ€"ffne den Regenschirm à ¼ber meinen Kopf. Open the umbrella over my head. unter under, below Die Frau schlà ¤ft unter den Bà ¤umen.The woman is sleeping under the trees. Der Hund là ¤uft unter die Brà ¼cke.The dog runs under the bridge. zwischen between Der Katze stand zwischen mir und dem Stuhl.The cat is between me and the chair. Sie stellte die Katze zwischen mich und den Tisch.She put the cat between me and the table. Test Yourself Answer this question: Is  in der Kirche  dative or accusative? Wo  or  wohin?   If you think that  in der Kirche  is dative and the phrase answers the question  wo?  then you are correct.  In der Kirche  means in (inside) the church, while  in die Kirche  means into the church (wohin?). Now you see yet another reason why you need to know your German genders. Knowing that church is  die Kirche, which changes to  der Kirche  in the dative case, is an essential element in using any preposition, but especially the two-way ones. Now well put the  Kirche  phrases into sentences to further illustrate the point: Akkusativ:  Die Leute gehen in die Kirche.  The people are going into the church.  Dativ:  Die Leute sitzen in der Kirche.  The people are sitting in the church.

Reflection Of The Gibbs Reflective Cycle - 945 Words

(Gibbs G, 1988) The introduction of the Gibbs reflective cycle helped the nurses to have a systematic thinking about the different activity phases (Huston, 2014). These logical elements of the procedure are describing the problem, feelings identification, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and an action plan. Every stage is essential in carrying out the reflective processes for nurses. Nurses come across many situations that affect their emotions, ethical dilemmas, conflicts from the patient’s family and disrespectful colleague (Koutoukidis, Stainton, Hughson, Tabbner, 2013). All these are issues that should be addressed during the reflective process. The reflection helps to analyze the current situation through describing the problem. Common problems that surround nurses are disagreement between the nurse and the patient’s family, rudeness from fellow workers, physical injuries from a mental patient and insecurity issues when working in a mental ward. After describing the problem, the nurses will be allowed to explain what they felt about the situation. Description of the feelings will help increase self-awareness of the consequences in a positive way and effects of the problem. After collecting the individual experiences through interviewing or having a dialogue, the third step will be evaluating the experiences. At this stage, one has taken available notes on the experiences without criticizing the responses from the nurses (Nona, 2010). The fourth step is forShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On The Gibbs Reflective Cycle1891 Words   |  8 PagesI will first introduce the reflective essay by highlighting my experience when l started the module. In order to provide a framework for this critical reflection essay, I will apply the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) which entails describing the incident, my feelings, thoughts, evaluation and a critical analysis of the whole situation. The essay will demonstrate the weaknesses and strengths of the whole experience and finally focus on an action plan should I be faced with a similar situation in futureRead MoreReflection On The Business Management Module And Internship Experience By Designing Gibbs Reflective Cycle9 79 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection Student name Student numberâ€Æ' Self-reflection essay This essay has been written in order to provide self-reflections on the business management module and internship experience by incorporating Gibbs reflective cycle. Moreover, this essay also highlighted improvement in skills by getting enrolled in this module. With the intention to make the process of learning updated it is better to rely on the framework proposed by Gibbs (1998) which has mentioned below: Figure 1: Gibb s ReflectiveRead MoreReflective Reflection1266 Words   |  6 PagesGibbs (1998) acknowledges that it is not enough just to perform a task to learn. Once something is learnt it is important to reflect upon that learning experience otherwise the learning experience may be neglected. Correspondingly with Gibbs, this piece of writing will critically evaluate key academic sources linked with reflective practice, these include models by Gibbs, Kolb and Schon. One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study SkillsRead MoreUsing Gibbs Reflective Cycle In Coursework1639 Words   |  7 PagesUsing Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (or Gibbs’ Reflective Model) Gibbs’ reflective cycle is a theoretical model often used by students as a framework in coursework assignments that require reflective writing. The model was created by Professor Graham Gibbs and appeared in Learning by Doing (1988). It looks like this: Action plan If it arose again what would you do? Descripiton What happened? Conclusion What else could you have done? Feelings What were you thinking and feelingRead MoreReflective Models Used by Nurses Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Practice Introduction: Reflection its self is looking into personal thoughts and actions. For nurses this would mean looking at how they performed a particular task taking into consideration their interaction with their colleagues and other members of staff, patients and in some cases relatives This then enables the nurse to assess their actions and thought processes. There are various frameworks of reflection that one could choose and the examples used for this workRead MoreUsing Nursing And Midwifery Board Of Australia1318 Words   |  6 Pages Using Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia Competency standard thirteen (National Midwifery Board of Australia, 2006), this essay will provide a thorough discussion and critical analysis of the reflective process, known as Gibbs reflective cycle (Bulman Shutz, 2008) and how this reflective process in conjunction with competency standard thirteen, will be utilised to enable the author to fulfil their professional and personal goals in becoming a midwife. Personal limitations and strengthsRead MoreAdolescent and Predictable and Unpredictable Elenents of This Transition and Associated Life-Stage1065 Words   |  5 PagesAbdallah. Ayda Critical Reflection Essay Introduction Within the context of nursing there has been a significant change in nursing in the last two decades, where nursing and medical knowledge has led to changes where patients can no longer stay in hospital and reduction in hospital beds. Professionals who are employed in the healthcare industry are dealing with acu tely ill patients who are in more need of care (usher et al 2009). As professionals we must discover the nature that is offered to usRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing Patients With Multi Resistant Organisms ( Mros )1269 Words   |  6 Pagesprecautions using a model of reflection. Reflection is the process in which learners engage to recapture, notice and re-evaluate their experience, to work with their experience and to turn it into learning (Boud et al, 1993). The skill of reflection is essential to the development of clinical knowledge and ability which allows the learner to consider personal and professional skills and identify needs for ongoing development (Levett-Jones et al, 2011). This reflection will allow me to analyse theRead MoreImportance Of Reflection1482 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Reflection Reflection is considered to be a process that can be developed to support continuous learning as well as personal and professional development. This can include the process of reflective writing as a means of capturing the thought and experiences (Ghaye,1998). A significant relationship is found between reflective writing and academic learning, as one can identify the need for self-development, critical review, awareness of individual functions and decisions. Reflective writingRead More1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working1646 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Reflective practice is a key part of working as a health care professional, including speech and language therapists (SLT), and will be used throughout a practitioner’s career as part of their continuing professional development. It is the practice of experiencing situations and then reflecting on them, which is how clinicians may enhance their knowledge and skills and, thus, maintain their competence throughout their career as a practicing therapist (RCSLT, 2003). It is through this

Why did stalemate develop on the western front Free Essays

Stalemate; A deadlock in battle situation where neither side makes any progress. Stalemate occurred in the western front, during 1914-16 because of the threat of the Germans losing some land caught from the French, which the French regained after a counter-attack. Both countries decided to defend so therefore dug trenches from the Swiss mountains all the way to the sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did stalemate develop on the western front? or any similar topic only for you Order Now They did this because of the both the Generals had no back plan and couldn’t think of another plan. A further significance is that both armies were closely matched in strength and ammunition, even without same sized armies. During the 1914’s trench warfare had developed, instead of what happened in the Battle of the Somme, Generals make precautions to protect their armies. Subsequently after France’s counter-attack to regain the land lost to the Germans, Germany didn’t want to be pushed back any further, so the Germans decided to dig trenches starting from the Swiss mountains all the way to the sea. It was the race to the sea. An additional reason of why stalemate occurred was the superiority of defence. During the wars beyond the 1914 all the countries did was attack with either shells or running across no man’s land with guns. The only defence was the barbed wire. However after the Battle of the Somme, Private George Coppard said that hundreds of the soldiers had died on the enemy wire. He also said ‘The Germans must have been reinforcing the wire months. It was so thick that daylight could barley be seen through it’. This showed that the Germans had been thinking defensively as well has attackingly. Another defensive based weapon is the machine gun, the British and the French underestimated it, but the Germans used it more to a greater affect against their Allies. After the attacks, which caused heavy casualties both forces made sure, they had an endless supply of machine guns and ammunition. The trenches were also a strong defence as they sheltered troops and kept their territory behind them. During the battle of the Somme the Germans trenches were re-enforced inside with concrete showing that trenches were thought of a defence mechanism. The stalemate could have occurred by the fact that both Generals had a lack of military expertise. General Von Kluck and General Joffe had no back-up plans in case their original plans had failed. Also Generals had been using 19th century methods in a 20th century battle show their incompetence of the fighting a war. I know this because General Haig wanted to fight a battle with men on horseback showing his lack of skill of being a General. Another potential motive of stalemate is that both Armies were closely matched, but not in size, but in strength, weapons, ammunition and artillery. Both forces had the same weapons of defence and attack such as machine gun, barbed wire and shell ammunition. None of the forces had the same amount of troops in their armies as Russia had the largest Army but was badly organised which gave the Germans a small chance. The French and British Armies combined was a big force but so was the German’s and Austria-Hungary’s. Both Armies had adopted the same method of fighting making it even more of a closer combat. My conclusion is that stalemate occurred because, not one, but many reasons such as the incompetence of the Generals who didn’t have a back up plan so had to make do with trenches, also the way the weapons and way of fighting have changed from all out attack to a defensive encounter, which the generals couldn’t figure out. The most apparent reason I find is the how trench warfare had developed and the race to the sea, which showed that neither country didn’t, was to lose any more territory. How to cite Why did stalemate develop on the western front?, Papers

Water Quality and Contamination free essay sample

1. Develop a hypothesis on which water source you believe will contain the most and least contaminants. Hypothesis = I feels as though the tap water will contain the most contaminants, the bottle water will be sterile. The Dasani water has been treated, Fiji is natural spring water. Dasani will have the less contaminant 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this. I feel as though the Dasani water was the purest. 3. Based on the results of your experiment, what major differences, if any, do you notice between the Dasani, Fiji, and tap water? Answer = I really could not see any difference between the 2 water. 4. Based on your results, do you believe that bottled water is worth the price? Why or why not? Answer = I would always choose bottled water opposed to tap water, Just because I know that the water has been treated. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Quality and Contamination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The price of bottled water does not bother me at all, I feel as though it’s worth it. *NOTE – Do not forget to go to Lab 3: Biodiversity, and complete â€Å"Experiment 1: Diversity of Plants† steps 1 through 6. Steps 1 through 6 need to be completed in order to be prepared for Week Three, however, results for this experiment will not be calculated until next week. Thus, while nothing is to be handed in for this experiment until the end of Week Three you must plant the seeds this week to ensure that you can complete week 3 on time.